Fishermen operating on the White Volta are sounding the alarm over dwindling fish stocks, citing changes in fish migration patterns, low rainfall, and pollution as major challenges.

Speaking to Joy News on April 7, the affected fishermen revealed that their incomes have been hit hard, with some struggling to make ends meet. Environmental degradation has also raised concerns about the health risks associated with fishing in polluted waters.

The White Volta, a key fishing hub, has seen a significant drop in fish catches, leaving many fishermen worried about their livelihoods. Some said their harvest had dwindled from ten baskets to barely enough for their own consumption. The downturn is taking a toll on their health, with malnutrition becoming a growing concern.

A fisherman, Emmanuel Sliy, said they are facing a crisis as climate change and overfishing threaten the country’s fish populations. “In the past, fishing was good, but now things are no longer the same.

Farmers used not to use weedicides, but now they use chemicals, and when the rains fall, they wash everything into the water, which affects the fish. When that happens, and you go fishing, you don’t get fish. We don’t even get some of the fish species anymore. Secondly, the water is low, which also affects the fish,” he said, echoing concerns about the impact of human activities on the environment.

Another fisherman, Akuaku Achuuhu, blamed low rainfall for reducing fish catches, saying, “The situation is not good at all; you won’t even get fish to feed yourself. In the past, the water came in large volumes, and then the fish came, but now the water is low. It’s when the rains fall heavily that water comes, but now the rains don’t come any longer. So you spend your time fishing and come home with nothing.”

Research by Kasia Baidoo, a lecturer at the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Sciences at the University for Development Studies, found that climate change is a major factor in the decline of fish populations.

“We conducted a study on the White Volta, and we found that anthropogenic factors and natural factors were contributing to the fish decline, and climate change is the major problem that is imposing stress on our inland system,” she said.

“When the atmospheric temperature rises, it reflects in the temperature of our water bodies; it increases the temperature levels. When this happens, it depicts the oxygen level in the water body, and when oxygen is depleted in the water, it results in high mortality of fish and migration of fish.”

Ms. Baidoo added that overfishing is also a significant contributor to the decline, saying, “Overfishing sets in when there is pressure on the ecosystem. Fishing continuously imposes a threat on these ecosystems, which results in fish decline in the population of our stock.”

“She noted that some species, such as catfish, are near extinction, with one fisherman lamenting, ‘Now when you go fishing, there are some types of fish we don’t get again, and some of the fish are small.”

The situation is dire, with fishermen struggling to make a living and consumers facing limited access to fresh fish. As Ms. Baidoo put it, “These days if you see catfish, then it’s on someone’s fish farm.”

Some of the fisherfolk are turning to farming to survive. Gladys Yaachu said she is abandoning fishing this year because of the low catch and will be farming groundnuts. “Because of the low catch, I am not fishing this year. You see, I am thrashing groundnuts. I am trying farming this year,” she said

Ms. Baidoo said Ghana’s national policies and fishery-specific regulations are aimed at protecting the country’s waters but stress the need for strict enforcement.

“They need to respect these policies, take the close season, for instance. It’s meant to ensure that at least a species breeds once or twice before they’re caught, allowing them to replenish and restock the ecosystem. If fishermen don’t respect these policies, we won’t achieve our objective,” she said.